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Chile is a democratic, unitary and presidential republic in the extreme south of South America, and Santiago (founded in 1541) is its capital city. Its total area is 756,102 km2 and its population is 18 million people and “Chilean” is the demonym.
Continental Chile comprises an extensive and narrow strip of land that extends from north to south from the border with Peru to the Drake Passage (4,720 km) and from east to west between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean (maximum width 445 km and minimum 90 km). It also limits with Bolivia and Argentina. In addition, there are island territories, highlighting Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in Oceania. The country is divided into regions and these into provinces.
Before the discovery of America, these lands were already called Chile in the indigenous tradition. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan was the first European explorer to recognize the current Chilean territory when crossing the strait that bears his name, but it was not until 1535 that they entered Chile by land after conquering the Inca Empire.
Chile was a Spanish crown colony until 1810, so the country is more than 200 years of life as an independent republic and is currently a country of medium development and open to the world, which is why it has attracted in recent years migrants from all over the world who contribute to the melting pot that is Chile.quering the Inca Empire.
Chile´s latitudinal width, its relief and the influence of the ocean are the main factors that explain the climatic variations of the country. The cold Humboldt Current moderates temperatures along the coast. In a good part of the country, there is abundant cloudiness on the coast, while in inland areas the thermal oscillation is high.
In the northernmost area, in the Atacama, there is a desert climate, with little rainfall, no humidity and no clouds. A little further south, there is a semi-arid climate that serves as a transition to colder climates. In the centre, the Mediterranean climate dominates the entire central zone, except for the high peaks of the Andes mountain range, which have a cold climate because of their height. The four seasons of the year are clearly marked, with a dry and hot summer and a rainy and cold winter. The coastal zone presents temperatures regulated by the maritime effect. In Santiago, temperatures average 20 °C in summer (January), with extremes of up to 36 °C, and 8 °C in winter (June), with extremes of up to −8 °C in some sectors.
The rains increase in the southern zone, which presents a rainy maritime climate between Araucanía and the coast of Aysén. In the southern zone, a cold steppe climate develops, characterized by a wide thermal amplitude, low temperatures and a decrease in rainfall that occurs in winter, generally in the form of snow.
Easter Island has a subtropical climate, with an average annual rainfall of 1138 mm distributed throughout the year.
Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, Calama, San Pedro de Atacama, La Serena, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Santiago, Santa Cruz, Concepción, Temuco, Puerto Montt, Castro, Ancud, Puerto Varas, Valdivia, Coyhaique, Puerto Natales, Punta Arenas.
Atacama Zone
Calama Airport (CJC) with daily connections to Santiago (1,225 kms/2:05 hrs.)
Ground: Uyuni, La Paz (Bolivia), Tacna, Arequipa, Lima (Peru), Salta (Argentina).
Distances:
CJC – San Pedro: 100 kms (1:30 hrs.).
San Pedro – Hito Cajón: 47 kms (1:25 hrs.).
Rapa Nui
Mataveri Airport (IPC) with 3 weekly flights (3,700 kms/4:30 hrs) to SCL (Santiago International).
Santiago and Central Chile
The SCL International Airport connects with the world and with destinations in the Atacama, Easter Island, the Lakes and Volcanoes Region, and Patagonia.
Ground: Cruise ports of Valparaíso and San Antonio (both 120 and 100 km from Santiago, respectively or 1:30 hours by road).
Mendoza, Argentina: 350 km/6 hrs.
Lakes and Volcanoes Region
From Puerto Montt Airport (PMC) to Santiago (1000 km/1:45 hrs), Puerto Natales (1139 km/2 hrs), Punta Arenas (1300 km/2:10 hrs, Balmaceda (similar).
Ground: Bariloche, Argentina (320 kms./5 hrs).
Patagonia
The Balmaceda (BBA), Punta Arenas (PUQ), Puerto Natales (PNT) airports connect with Santiago (SCL) and Puerto Montt (PMC). From Santiago to Puerto Natales there are 2,040 kms and it takes 3 hours direct and 4:15 hours with scale. Similar with Punta Arenas.
Ground: Puerto Natales to El Calafate, Argentina (268 kms./5:20 hrs.).
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